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8th Ersatz Division (German Empire)
The 8th Ersatz Division (''8. Ersatz-Division'') was a unit of the German Army in World War I.〔From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army as, during the period of German unification (1866-1871), the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies. Only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous and came under Prussian control only during wartime. Württemberg forces were only semi-autonomous.〕 The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914.〔(8. Ersatz-Division (Chronik 1914/1917) )〕 The division was a composite division, formed from 14 brigade replacement battalions (''Brigade-Ersatz-Bataillone'') from the Kingdom of Württemberg, the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Rhine Province, the Province of Hesse-Nassau and the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine. It became more Württemberg as the war progressed; and, in February 1917, it was officially designated a Royal Württemberg division. It was redesignated the 243rd Infantry Division in April 1917.〔
==Formation==
The division was formed on mobilization with 14 brigade replacement battalions. Each brigade replacement battalion was numbered after its parent infantry brigade, and was formed with two companies taken from the replacement battalion of each of the brigade's two infantry regiments. In two cases, a brigade replacement battalion drew from three regiments. Thus, collectively, the 12 brigade replacement battalions represented troop contributions from 30 different infantry regiments. Four brigade replacement battalions were from the Kingdom of Württemberg; two were from the Grand Duchy of Hesse; four were from the Prussian Rhine Province; two were from the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau (one with troops from the former Duchy of Nassau, the other from the former Electorate of Hesse); and two from the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The infantry units were augmented with cavalry, artillery and combat engineers, also drawn from ''Ersatz'' formations.〔Hermann Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee'' (Berlin, 1935); Hartwig Busche, ''Formationsgeschichte der deutschen Infanterie im Weltkrieg 1914/1918'' (1998).〕
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